Apparatus for mechanically solving rectangular triangles



SEARCH R OM cRoss REFERENCE K. PETSCHENiG APPARATUS FOR MECHANICALLY SOLYING RECTANGULAR TRIA NGLES Filed June 3, 1929 v 5 sneets sheet 1 4 my E & 1 v m a 7 w, mm r 4 r K 1 i L, a n M 5 a a m fi A M f, f m, i1 46 6 g. 2 1232- I K. PETSCHW; 1,869,502

APPARATUS FOR MECHANICALLY SOLVING RECTANGULAR TRIEANGLES Filed June 3. 1929 5 Sheets-Shet 2 49' r I 12 A 14 9 8- 1932- K. PETSCHENIG 1,869,502 APPARATUS FOR MECHANICALLY SOLVING RECTANGULAR TRIANGLES Filed June 5, 1929 s Sheets-Sheet s I. III-"III FE Wm Aug. 2, 1932. 1 K. PETSCHENIG 1,869,502

APPARATUS FOR MECHANICALLY SOLVING RECTANGULAR TRIANGLES Fi led June 5, 1929 5 Sheets$heet 4 saasaz Aug. 2, 15932. K. PETSCHENIG APPARATUS FOR MECHANICALLY SOLVING RECTANGULAR TRIANGLES Filed June is, 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Aug. 2, 1932 ilhlilhl. STATE'ZEE Y iseasaa crane. @FFEQE KARL IETSCHEETIG, 0F VIENNA, AUSTRIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE FIRMI: AKTIENGESELL- All STALT,

AKCIOVA SIGLECNOST K. P.

oPTIoKY usTAv, or BRATISLAVA, CZECHOSLOVAK REPUBLIC APPARATUS FOR MECHANICALLY SOIIVING RECTANGULAR I-BIANGLES Application filed June 3, 1929, Serial No. 367,952, and in Germany June 7, 1928.

The invention relates to a range finder and has for its object to provide a range finder which will give not only the range itself, but also its horizontal and vertical projections, that is to say the horizontal distance of the target from the point of observation and the linear height of the target above the level of the point of observat on or at .least one of these projections. \Vith this object in view the present invention consists in a novel attachment to a range finder hereinafter more fully set forth; reference being had to the annexed drawings in which Figs. 1 and 2 are diagrams. serving for explaining the geometrical principle on which the present invention is based. Fi 3 is a side elevation and Fig. 4 a plan view of a first embodiment 01" the invention. Fig. 5 is a vertical and Fig. 6 av plan section of parts of the embodiment shown. in Figs. 3 and at. Figs. 5 and 6 are drawn on a larger scale. Fig. 7 is a vertical section of a second embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 8 is the plan section corresponding to Fig. 7, Fig. 9 is a transverse section of Figs. 7 and 8 and Fig. 10 is a vertical section of a part of a third embodiment of the present invention.

Let us assume that the range finder is directed to the target, its axis being horizontal and the straight line from the point of observation to the target hein perpendicular to this horizontal axis and let us further as some that the aof the range tinder is the axis of a cylinder having a circular base of the radius r as shown'in perspective in Fig. 1. The line of intersection of a plane passing through a diameter 01 the base circle oi the said cylinder at an angle 8 with this base circle in an ellipse, the lengths 17b and 7a of gencratriccs of the cylinder between points of the base circle and the ellipse. de-

pend not only of the zlufilic '6 but also of the angle 0; between the radius of the selected point of the base circle and the diameter common to the base circle and the ellipse the equationheing h=r sin 0: tan 8. The length in of the generatrix from the end of a radius lc=r sin (w g) tan 5==r cos a. tan 5.

The length 0 of the generatrix between the base circle and the ellipse, the radius of this generatrix being perpendicula to the diameter of intersection of the base ciz: and th' ellipse is defined by e=r tan 8. It now 6 is proportioned to the distance of the target from the point of observation then we have H =0 sin a, 76 6 cos a, that is to 5a the length it represents the projection of the distance e on the radial plane passing through the radius of the generatrix 70 while the length 70 represents the projection of the distance e on the radial plane of the generatrix 7L. It now the radial planes of the generservation. Fig. 2 shows a development of the cylindrical surface into the plane of the drawings. The ellipse appears as a sine curve with the base circle as the abscissae axis. The maximum ordinate of the sine curve is a, e=r tan 8 while the ordinates 6, l; and 0, h of the sine curve corresponding to the angles a and are s sin a and 6 cos a respectively and a- -l-b'-=0'-.

Assuming now that the base circle of the cylinder Fig. 1 is a ring rotatable .1: diameter directed to the target and further assuming that this ring is turned around the said diameter through an angle '8, the ring GOERZ being so deformable that it can be transformed into a plane ellipse in the cylindrical surface, and assuming moreover that 1 tan 8=e is proportional to the distance of the target from the point of observation and that,

the radial plane of the generatrix h is horizontal and the radial plane 01" the generatrix 7a is vertical then the length 73 directly gives the horizontal distance and the length it the linear height of the target. llothing is changed in this respect it the ring representing the base circle of the cylinder in 1 is not deformable but rigid. The axial excursions of the outer ends of 71 and 7.; are again in the ratio of sin, a to cos a, only the excursion 6 is changed into '1" tan 8.

Of course both or only one of the lengths h and k may be read on suitable scales. Similarly other sectors, for instance the instantaneous speed of a point moving in space may be decomposed into components perpendicular to each other and the values of these components may be found provided the absolute value, of this speed and its direction be given.

The range finder Figs. 3 to 6, selected as an example of embodiment of the invention has a tubular casing 2 provided with a sleeve and an eyepiece attachmei-it 1, the optical parts. two entering prisms 3 and 3 for the pencils of light, two objectives a and at, a

uniting prism 5 for the pencils of light. and an eye piece 6 being mounted in such casing in the known manner. For compensating for variations of the parallactic angle at the target serves a pair of rotatable Wedges 7, 7 mounted in 'a frame 8, 8 rotatable in a compensating casing 9 and interposed between the prism 3 and the objective The frames 8, 8 are provided with bevel Wheels engaging into a bevel Wheel 10. This bevel wheel 10 is keyed to a shaft 11 passing through the casing 2. The shaft 11 is journalled on the one hand in the compensator casing 9, and on the other hand in a sleeve 12 surrounding the casing 2 provided with a gearing chamber 12'. A pointer casing 14 is rotatably mounted by means of ball bearings 15 and 16 on this sleeve 12 and on a second sleeve 13 located at the end of the range finder casing 2 and carrying a light entering socket piece 13 closed by a glass plate. The part of the range finder casing containing the prism 3 and objective 41 is equipped in a similar manner with sleeves 1'7 and 18 togather with light entering socket piece 18' and a casing 19 mounted on such 51 The casings l4 and 19 are provided with projections i l and 19' respectively (Fig. 3i by means of which the range finder is supported on a carrier 520 which in turn is capable of rotating around the vertical axis of a column 22 by means of a hearing plate 21.

A yoke is rotatably mounted in bearings 25 and 25 in the casing ll by means of ring two journal pins Q-l and 2%. The journal pins 2% and 2st are screwed into a ring angular in transverse section and provide-1i with acovering ring 26 two rings 28, 29 being mounted by means of balls 26 and capable ofrotating around the axis of the same. The rings 28, 2f) carry each a projection 30 and 31 respectively, the projections end in thin cylindrical pins 30 and 31 respectively having radial axe" 33 and 3st respectively being rota mounted on such pins and provided \v tll\'l5il0l'l5 The sleeves 3-3 and have quadrangular projections 33 and ill slidabl arranged between guide ribs 35 and 36 respectively. The guide ribs 35, 36 arcs of circles in tvvo planes perpendicular to each other and pass- --in g through the axis of the casing and being concentric to a point upon the said The guide ribs 35, 36 are cast on the inner wall of two wings resendiling hollow projections 3? and so arranged at an angle of relatively to each ot ier on the casing la; that the projection 37 points horizontall" to the front whereas the projection fldpoints vertical upwards. The fron wall of the projection 38 has a longitiulin strip 39 with a Corresnondinglv a lon in the t of the projec ic 1 by a glass strip in having a anal scale (Fig. I).

The ohe J2) tallies a v. CL in he a in; a worm l2 mounted on a shaft 43 rotatable in a bearing l-l. Besides the in a driving gear casand a part ,1. Dill-s 1;; en'm rical 4.5 of the casn into a groove 50 provided in the c 'li bod 48 along the scale -33.

Besides the shaft 11 also a sliz att paral thereto passes through the gear chainli- It carries a noncircular cam wheel, :52 an a gear wheel engaging with a toothed ment. 5-l mounted on the covering rifle -6 Tl. cam Wheel 52 eng ges with a noneirc a cam. Wheel keyed on the shaft ii. e i spring 56 fastened one end in. 12 and at the other end to the s cam whec' limits the rotary movement of tee yoke .5 1 rotatable aroinid the. journal pins Q-land are suitably enla tv-io proces nrovided in the ca When using the embodiment oi": the appuratus just dc: rib-ed. the target is closelv tollowed by turning the range tinder casing or tube around its horizontal axis and by turn- 29 on such ing the carrier l around the column 22 that is to say a vertical axis. Thereby the axis 24, 2 L- of the ring 26 is constantly kept directed to the target. By turning the drum t7 the two images of the range finder shown are brought to coincidence or in other words the range finder is adjusted to the distance of the target from the point of observation. Thereby on the one hand the ring 26 is turned around its axis 24, 2a. by the toothed segment 41 and on the other hand the wedges of the pair of wedges 7, 7 are turned relatively to each other. The ratio of leverages of the gearing between the drum at? and the toothed segment 11 on the one hand and the pair of wedges 7, 7 on the other hand is such that when the two images of the range finder are brought to coincidence or in other words the range finder is adjusted to the distance sought the axial excursion of that point of the ring 26 which is located in the plane perpendicular to the axis 2%, 52 i is proportioned to the distance measured by adj ustin the range finder. Then as has been hereinbeifore explained the pointer 32 moving along the side l located in the horizontal plane indicates the instantaneous linear height of the target above the level. of observation and'the pointer 33 moving along thescale 35) located in the vertical. plane indicates the h rizcntal distance of the targetfrom tne point of observation. Cihus in the embodiment oi": the invention above described the absolute distance and the horizontal distance of the target from the point of observation and also the linear height of the target above the level or" the point of obs-er ation are determined simultaneously.

In most cases the movement of the target will be horizontal. It, therefore the height and horizontal distan cc of the. same has been once cete'rmined only the latter will vary in optically pursuing the target. In this case it is suitable for the purpose to effect the actuation or the gearing not by turning the knurled roller l? adjusting the direct distance, but by turning the radial journal pin 31 measuring the horizontal distance for which purpose such journal pin is extended to form a handle 31 and projects from the casing 38 provided with a slot extending from ato b, the same as the journal pin 30 is extended to form a handle not seen in the drawings and projects from a slot of the casing 37', the arrangement being such that this journal pin carrying the mark for the target height is capable of being clamped in position in the slot in order that in optically pursuing the target with an adjusted height the coincidence of the partial images of the target or the measuring iii-ark solely m-"iitaincd by adjusting the altitude angle of: t target, that is to by tilt the line 0 sight. Moreover. oi course. the self lockin worm gearing l1, 42 must be replaced by a 11011-S9lf-l0ll1lg bevel wheel lla, 42a. (Figs.

7, 8, 9) with the interposition of a double toothed intermediate wheel 425), 120 which is rotatably mounted on a radial shaft 12d journalled in the tiltable part of the casing 2.

Instead of the two rectilinear glass window scales 39 and 40 also two circular scales in two planes at rightangles to each other may he used which approximately contact in one point where the reading mark may be -provided which they have in common and which is fixed to the casing. In this case the ring 28 preferably provided with two trunnions 300. 30a (Figs. 8, 9) on which a semicircular fork 57 is pivoted which is journalled by means of a vertical journal pin 57 in a non-tiltable part l l of the casing for turning horizontally. On such journal pin 57 a scale carrier 58 secured which is provided with a rim 58 serving as a handle and carries a circular height scale 58" for the target. In order to enable the coincidence of the partial images of the target or the measuring mark to be brought about solely by the optical pursuit of the target. the scale 58 must be locked in position by a set screw Ma mounted in the casing. The ring 29, however. is provided with one journal pin only which extends vertically downwards and engz'iges into the bore of a semicircular for-1159 which in turn is pivotally m noted by means of two horizontal trunnions 1 3" and 59" in the nontiltable casing 1%. To the trunnion 59 is secured the scale carrier 68 provided with a ring 60 serving as a handle and carrying a circular scale 60 for the horizontal distances. Above the point of contact of the scale 60" with the height scale 58" for the targeta reading loupe 61 is mounted in a yoke 61 secured to the casing 14 such loupe bein provided with a reading mark drawn in it and perpendicular to the periphery of the scale.

With this arrangement the measurings of the target may be effected. at will by actuating the knurled roller 4-7 or the two handle rims 58 for adjusting for the height and 60 for adjusting for the horizontal distance of the target.

In the simplestconstructional form shown in Fig. on the rotatable ring 26. as shown made in one piece. two sliding sectors 28. 29 are circumferentiallv gu ded each being provided with a radial j urnal pin 31?), while on each oi the said journal pins a prismatic mark carrier 33 34H) is rotatabiv mounted and is guided in a guide groove 267 provided in the casing which is in the l groove 36?) in the ertical central plane the circular scale 393' for the l'iorizontal disam an, aim... +1." MM. 17. tantra 1...... We, the WW cm, in too hm-izontal entral plane the scale for the height of the target is provided. The coupling oi: the rotatable ring :26 with the opsha e of segm ntof spher Along the crating; gear for the measuring Wedges is the same as in Figs. 5 and 6.

What 1 claim is:

l. A range tinder comprising a casing, a

carrier supporting the said casing and adapt ed to turn around a vertical axis and means for adjusting the range finder to the absolute. distance of the target from the point of observation in combination with sleeves secured to the said carrier and forming bearings for the said range finder casing the axis of these hearings being horizontal, a ring surrounding -no c2 and adapted to turn around an axis journalled in the said casing and Forming a diameter of the said ring means for turning; the said ring around its diainetrical axis, a driving gear operatively connected to the said means for adjusting the range finder to the absolute distance of the target from the point of observation and to the said means for turning the ring around its diainetrical axis, the ratio of leveraszes between the said driring gear and the said ring turning; means on the one hand, and the s e r drivh gear and the said means for adiusting the range finder on the other hand, being such that the axial excursion parallel to the axis of the finder of the 1 nuts o' i th i. located in a plane perpend c l metrical. turi axis, is ")10 0 j' 1 1;, c .,i. c i-L, 4 absolute distance ()5. the target ire-m or: 11551112 of observation, at least one pointer and atleast one scale tor the said pointer. one or the last named two elements, via, the pointer and the scale. being: rigidhconnected to one of the said eves While the other is movable relatively thereto.

2. A range find-e r comprising a casing, a carriersupporting 1 id casing and adaptr axis and means for adjusting the er to the absolute dis ..nce of the tar a the pointof observation'in combination with sleeves se cured to the said carrier and forming bearfor the range finder ine th is of these near being ho in" surrounding the said casing .fi 0 turn around an axis ournallec n to: o i

the said and ii'orining a diame f ing means for turning the said n diametrical axis, a. driving gear operativeconnected to the said means for adjusting a ran-"c finder to the absolute distance oi it from the point of o seri-atiou and means for turning the ring around 's. the ratio of lever V ie said driving gear and the said means on the one hand. and the. s h gear and the said means for adjuste range finder on the other hand he n 'ial uicursiou parall a othe L? mil LlBC a el LL H. M Allv. nfiisw. 41L v 11k; JJAALL1 1. Li; luqu's; \..L Lu. located in a plane perpendi ular to its metrical "turning axis, proportional to the absolute distance of the target from the point of observation, two scales secured to the said sleeves in planes perpendicular to each other and passing through the axis of the said casing, two pointers operatively connected to the said ring, each of the said pointers moving along one of the said scales.

3. A range finder comprising a casing, a carrier supporting the said cash) and adapted to turn around a vertical axis and means for adjusting the range finder to the absolute distance of the target from the point of observation in combination with sleeves secured to the said carrier and forming bearings for the said range finder casing the axis oil. hes-e hearings being horizontal, a ring surrounding the said casing and adapted to turn around an axis journalled in the said casing and forming a diameter of the said ring, means for turning the said ring around its (llillllCtI'iCfil axis, a driving gear operatively connected to the said means for adjusting the range finder to the absolute distance of the target from the point of obs rvation and to the said means for turning me ring around its diametrical axis. the ratio of leverages bet-ween. the said driving gear and the said ring turning means on the one hand, and the said driving gear and the said means for adjustinzrj t e uingi e finder on the other hand, i) such r h: the a rial excursion paral e to c axis of the finder of the points 2 r ing located in a plane perpendicular to its (lli-llll -tll'lfll turning axis. is proportional to the a. .alute distance of the target from the point of observation. two scales secured to the said sleeves one being located in a horizontal plane, and the other in a vertical. plane both of these planes passing through the axis of the casing. and two pointers operatively connected to the said ring, each of the said pointers inovius along; one of the said scales.

l. A range finder comprising casing, a carrier supporting the said casing; and adaptedto turn around a vertical axis and means for-adjusting the rang-e finder to the absolute distance of the target from the point of observation in combination with sleeves secured to the said carrier and forming bearings for the said range finder casing; the axis of these hearings bein horizontal. a ring surrounding the said casing and adapted to turn around an axis journalled in the said casing and forming a diameter of the said ring means for turning the said ring, around its diametrical axis, a driving gear operatively connected to the said means for adjusting the range finder to the absolute distance of the target from the point t observation and to tlc said leans for turning the ring around ts diainctrical axis. the ratio otleverasjes oetxveen the said drivin gear and the said ring; turning means on th one hand, and the said driving gear ant the said means for adjusting the range finder on the other hand, being such that the axial Lia excursion parallel to the axis of the finder of the points of the ring located in a plane perpendicular to its diametrical turning axis, is proportional to the absolute distance of the targetfrom the point of observation, at least one ring freely revoluble in the said ring coaxially thereto, there being at least one guide slot provided with a scale in a plane passing through the axis of the casing in one of the said sleeves, and at least one pointer guided in the said guide slot and extending radially from the said freely revolub-le ring.

A range finder comprisinga casing, a carrier supporting the said casing and adapted to turn around a vertical axis and means for adjusting the range finder to the absolute distance or" the target from the point of observation in combination with sleeves secured to the said carrier and forming bearings for the said range finder casing the axis of these hearings being horizontal, a ring surrounding the said casing and adapted to turn around an axis journalled in the said casing and forming diameter of the said ring means for turning the said ring around its diametrical axis, a driving gear operatively connected to the said means for adjusting the range finder to the absolute distance of the target from the point of observation and to the said means for turning the ring around its diamet-rical axis, the ratio of leverages between. the said driving gear and the said ring turning means on the one hand, and the said driving gear and the said means for adjusting the range finder on the other hand, being such that the axial excursion parallel to the axis of the finder of the points of the ring located in a plane perpendicular to its diametrical turning axis, is proportional to the absolute distance of the target from the pointof observation, two rings located side by side in the said ring, said rings being revoluble coaxiall v thereto, there being two guide slots each provided with a scale one of the said guide slots being located respectively in vertical and horizontal planes passing through the finder axis in one of the said sleeves, two pointers each being associated to and radially extending from one of the said freely revoluble rings, and each being guided in one of the said guide slots. 1

6. A range finder comprising a casing, a carrier supporting the said casing and adapted to turn around a vertical axis and means for adjusting the range finder to the absolute distance of the target from the point of observation in combination with sleeves secured to the said carrier and forming hearings for he said range finder casing the axis of these hearings being horizontal, a ring surrounding the said casing and adapted to turn around an axis journalled in the said casing and forming a diameter of the said ring means for turning the said ring around its diametrical axis, a driving gear operatively connected to the sald means for adjusting the range finder to the absolute distance of the target from the point of observation and to the said means for turning one hand, and the said driving gear and the said means for adjusting the range finder on the other hand, being such that the axial excursion parallel to the axis of the finder of the points of the ring located in a plane perpendicular to its diametrical turning axis, is proportional to the absolute distance of the target from the point of observation, two rings freely revoluble in the said ring, and coaxially therewith. a first yoke supporting one of. the said freely revoluble rings, and rotatable around the diametrical axis 01' the first named ring, a second yoke for supporting the other freely revoluble ring around a diametrical axis revoluble thereto, the said driving gear comprising a hand \vheeloperatively connected to the one, and a hand wheel operatively connected to the other yoke, scales attached to the said hand wheels, and pointers secured to the said sleeve.

In testimony whereof I have atii ed my signature.

KARL PETSGHENIG. 

